In management of allergic conjunctivitis, which class of medication is commonly used?

In the management of allergic conjunctivitis, antihistamines are commonly used because they effectively relieve symptoms caused by allergic reactions. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva – the membrane covering the white part of the eye – becomes inflamed due to allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander. When these allergens are encountered, the body’s immune response releases histamine, leading to symptoms such as itching, redness, and swelling.

Antihistamines work by blocking the H1 histamine receptor, thereby reducing the symptoms associated with histamine release. They can be found in both prescription and over-the-counter forms and are available as oral tablets or topical drops specifically formulated for eye care. The topical antihistamines provide rapid relief of ocular symptoms by directly targeting the affected area.

Other classes of medications, while helpful in treating various aspects of conjunctival conditions, are not first-line treatments for allergic conjunctivitis. For example, decongestants may provide temporary relief of redness but do not address the underlying allergic reaction. Saline solutions can help rinse the eyes but offer minimal relief from the itching and inflammation. Systemic steroids may be used in more severe cases or for other inflammatory conditions, but they are not typically indicated for mild allergic conjunctivitis