What condition is characterized by a child having rhinorrhea, a hoarse cry, and a prolonged inspiratory phase, which responds to humidified air?

The condition that is characterized by a child having rhinorrhea, a hoarse cry, and a prolonged inspiratory phase, which responds well to humidified air, is croup. Croup is typically caused by viral infections, with parainfluenza virus being the most common culprit.

The hallmark features of croup include a "barking" cough, stridor (a high-pitched wheezing sound heard during breathing), and in some cases, respiratory distress. The inflammation and swelling in the upper airway lead to narrowing, which results in the prolonged inspiratory phase as the child breathes in against this obstruction. The mention of rhinorrhea indicates an upper respiratory tract involvement, often seen in the early stages of such viral illnesses.

Humidified air alleviates symptoms because moist air helps soothe inflamed airways, making it easier for the child to breathe. In more severe cases, dexamethasone may be administered to reduce inflammation.

Other conditions, while they might present with similar respiratory symptoms, have distinct features that differentiate them from croup. For instance, asthma is characterized by wheezing and difficulty in expiration rather than inspiratory stridor. Bronchiolitis, which is common in young children, usually presents