What is the most common treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism?

The most common treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism is parathyroidectomy, which involves the surgical removal of the overactive parathyroid gland responsible for excessive hormone production. This condition often leads to elevated levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), which can cause a range of symptoms including bone pain, kidney stones, and gastrointestinal issues.

Surgery is typically indicated when patients exhibit significant symptoms or when laboratory findings show markedly elevated calcium levels. Parathyroidectomy is effective in resolving hypercalcemia and other associated symptoms, significantly improving a patient's quality of life. In many cases, the procedure results in normalization of calcium levels and can prevent long-term complications associated with the disease.

Other options such as radiation therapy, medications to manage calcium levels, and vitamin D supplementation do not address the underlying cause of the hyperparathyroidism and are generally considered adjunctive treatments or management strategies rather than definitive cures. While medications can help manage symptoms or complications of high calcium, they do not correct the underlying disorder. Therefore, parathyroidectomy remains the primary and most effective treatment.